Premature Menopause
Premature menopause occurs when a woman experiences the end of her menstrual cycles before the age of 40. While menopause is typically expected between the ages of 45 and 55, premature menopause can bring an earlier onset of the physical and emotional changes associated with declining hormone levels.
Women at higher risk of premature menopause include those who have had their ovaries surgically removed or are otherwise inactive, as well as women with conditions that suppress the pituitary gland, which plays a central role in regulating reproductive hormones. Certain autoimmune diseases may also increase the risk, as the body’s immune system can mistakenly target ovarian tissue and impair its function.
The symptoms of premature menopause are similar to those experienced during natural menopause, but they may appear more suddenly and can be particularly distressing. Hot flushes, night sweats, sleep disturbances, vaginal dryness, mood changes, low libido, and fatigue are common. Women may also experience changes in skin and hair, reduced bone density, and increased cardiovascular risk due to the early decline in oestrogen.
Because premature menopause occurs earlier than expected, it can have implications for fertility and long-term health. Early identification allows women to explore options such as fertility preservation, hormone replacement therapy, and lifestyle interventions to protect bone, heart, and mental health. Comprehensive medical support and personalised care are essential to help women manage symptoms, reduce long-term risks, and maintain overall wellbeing.