Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Premenstrual syndrome, commonly known as PMS, is a cluster of physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms that occur in a predictable pattern in the days leading up to a woman’s menstrual period. Symptoms typically begin anywhere from two to fourteen days before the onset of menstruation and usually resolve once bleeding starts.
PMS can vary widely in severity and presentation between women. Common physical symptoms include bloating, breast tenderness, headaches, fatigue, changes in appetite, and abdominal cramps. Emotional and behavioural symptoms can include mood swings, irritability, anxiety, low mood, difficulty concentrating, and changes in sleep patterns. Some women also experience heightened sensitivity or tension in relationships during this time.
While PMS is extremely common, its impact on daily life can vary. Understanding the hormonal basis of symptoms and tracking their pattern through the cycle can empower women to anticipate changes and implement strategies to improve comfort, wellbeing, and overall quality of life.