Menopause
The final menstrual period and beyond
Menopause is officially diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. In Australia, the average age of menopause is around 51, though the normal range is typically between 42 and 58. Earlier menopause can occur naturally or following medical treatment.
After menopause, oestrogen levels decline and stabilise at a lower level. While some perimenopausal symptoms settle, others may persist or newly emerge. Post-menopausal women may experience:
- Ongoing hot flushes
- Vaginal dryness or discomfort
- Bladder symptoms such as urgency or recurrent infections
- Reduced bone density
- Changes in cholesterol and cardiovascular risk
- Persistent sleep or mood concerns
This stage of life also brings important long-term health considerations, including bone health, heart health, cognitive wellbeing, and metabolic changes.
Menopause is a natural and unavoidable life stage that every woman will experience if she reaches midlife and beyond. While it is a normal biological transition, the experience is highly individual. Some women move through it with minimal disruption, while others notice significant physical, emotional, and cognitive changes. Understanding what to expect — and knowing that effective support and treatment options are available — can make this transition far more manageable.